Consumers - people who sees the particular text as a disposable commodity Fans - devoted followers of media texts who actively engage with the products to construct their own meanings and interpretations beyond the original message. Stereotypical fan behaviors: cosplay their favorite characters, write fan fiction, post their own theories online, and form new subcultures based on the product. Henry Jenkin's Fandom Theory Suggests that fans play a key role in the media (production, distribution and consumption process) - Production: fans send or post their feedbacks or suggestions regarding the media text to the producer - Distribution: fans comment, retweet and share posts about their favorite media texts to increase engagement and encourage other people to consume the text. - Consumption/Exhibition: fans consume media text and construct & share their own interpretation of the meaning of the product to other fans. Productivity in Fandom: - Semiotic productivity - R...
October/November 2 022 9607/04 Section A: Media Debates Media regulation Evaluate some of the different ways in which the idea of freedom is used in debates about media regulation. [15] How media is regulated by media regulators has formed some debates. Common debate topics about media regulation include the freedom of speech in social media, creative freedom for media producers and the freedom of consumption for audiences. Freedom of speech in social media has caused debates over the years. In 2021, the former president Trump posted several tweets on Twitter that are considered inappropriate by some users. With the help of technological convergence his tweets are able to reach millions of users across the platform in a short period of time. Many users are concerned that younger users may see Trump as a role model. According to Blumler and Katz’s Uses and Gratification theory, media satisfy audiences’ base need of personal identity by supplying them with role models. D...
- Shirky believes that audiences are no longer passive. - Passive audience : Does not actively engage with a media text. They just observe and do not question the message sent by the media and accepts it the way the media outlet intended. - Active audience : Actively engages with the media consumed. Interprets the meaning of the text in their own way. The develop an interpretation of the text based on their experiences or cultural background. - Technology has changed our behaviour, instead of just consuming media passively, we also contribute to it. - Traditional media (newspaper, magazines) are declining because they prefer to be able to interact or express their opinions online with new media. - Audiences like to 'speak back' to the producers of media. Social media allows audience to give feedbacks to producers through social media which results in the equality of power between them. (Prosumerism)
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