Kanna - Media Studies

Case Study  SM Entertainment -The K-Pop fanbase has been growing rapidly in the past 5 years. -Japan, America and SEA countries has been a major target of K-Pop  SM's strategies for global expansion: Creating songs in different languages (ex: NCT Dream released their Japanese debut album in 2023 along with a title track in Japanese, Best Friend Ever) Including english lyrics in songs Releasing entertaining contents through global streaming platforms (Instagram and Youtube) Providing subtitles in different languages to minimize language barrier Recruiting artists from all over the world through 'SM Global Audition' establishing a joint venture with local companies (ex: SM True is a joint venture established by True Group (broadcasting and distribution company) and SM Ent in 2011. They manage all the concerts, promotions and music&contents distribution of SM artists in Thailand.) Creating global groups (ex: WayV is a Chinese boygroup that is a part of SM's K-Pop group...

Curran & Seaton's Power and Media Industry Theory  - Media industries are dominated by a small number of giant conglomerates. - ex: The film industry's 'Big 6': 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros., Paramount Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Universal Pictures & Walt Disney Pictures. - Independent media companies are not as successful as those big companies  - Curran & Seaton believes that the media industry is all about profit and power. - Illusion of choice: Concentrated ownership results in lack of choice, lots of the same product. Repetitive, similar and lack of diversity and creativity. Case Study:  Conforms - Marvel was acquired by Disney in 2009 and since then they have been creating movies that suits Disney's brand image of 'family friendly,' different from the initial Marvel Comics which are r-rated. Although Disney and Marvel have produced and distributed a variety of series and movies over the years, most of them have a repetitive plot of the ma...

- Shirky believes that audiences are no longer passive. - Passive audience : Does not actively engage with a media text. They just observe and do not question the message sent by the media and accepts it the way the media outlet intended. - Active audience : Actively engages with the media consumed. Interprets the meaning of the text in their own way. The develop an interpretation of the text based on their experiences or cultural background. - Technology has changed our behaviour, instead of just consuming media passively, we also contribute to it. - Traditional media (newspaper, magazines) are declining because they prefer to be able to interact or express their opinions online with new media. - Audiences like to 'speak back' to the producers of media. Social media allows audience to give feedbacks to producers through social media which results in the equality of power between them. (Prosumerism)

Case study: BLACKPINK's 'How You Like That' MV A U D I E N C E Entertainment pleasures: the video offers a lot of entertainment, includes vibrant bright colors, dance routine, fancy outfits, fast changing frames and beautiful girls Target audience: Women from minority background (asians in particular) seeking for empowerment in the media.  Can also target male audience due to voyeurism with the costumes. The members of Blackpink are shown wearing revealing and tight clothes, bringing the attention of male audience. Close up shots of the member's face can be considered as male gaze according to Laura Mulvey. However this MV also subverts the male gaze theory as the Blackpink members are a vital part of the MV, they're seen as singer and dancers, more than just an object. Representation:  The music video includes representations of powerful Asian females. Each members are shown with different personalities and styles, they're all a major role in the music video (...

Consumers - people who sees the particular text as a disposable commodity Fans -  devoted followers of media texts who actively engage with the products to construct their own meanings and interpretations beyond the original message. Stereotypical fan behaviors: cosplay their favorite characters, write fan fiction, post their own theories online, and form new subcultures based on the product. Henry Jenkin's Fandom Theory Suggests that fans play a key role in the media (production, distribution and consumption process) - Production: fans send or post their feedbacks or suggestions regarding the media text to the producer - Distribution: fans comment, retweet and share posts about their favorite media texts to increase engagement and encourage other people to consume the text.  - Consumption/Exhibition: fans consume media text and construct & share their own interpretation of the meaning of the product to other fans. Productivity in Fandom:  - Semiotic productivity - R...

Colonialism - taking over another country to run and exploit it  Post-colonialism -  Gilroy argued that, most media is based on euro-centric world view. It explores the differences between the representation of white, British people and ethnic minorities in the media after the colonization, intended to make europeans look superior and stay in power against the others.  Representations - White, British people are represented as heroic, clean, polite, strong, while the others are represented as exotic and barbaric. Hegemonic group -  Media production is dominated by white people which pushes the ideology is white supremacy (white saviour). Keywords Eurocentric - The belief that the European culture is superior to all others Double consciousness - the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society. Othering - the practice of representing and defining the colonized natives as inferior to their European counterparts. Case S...

How do media companies get regulated? One way that media company get regulated is by legal lawsuits. On 2021, Fox News, a right wing American news company owned by Rupert Murdoch was sued for $1.6 billion by Dominion, a voting machine company for defamation. This has become the biggest lawsuits in the media history. Dominion claimed that Fox has been spreading lies against them. This case started when Trump's legal team made a false claim that the vote had been rigged in the 2020 US Presidential election against Donald Trump. Dominion was trying to prove that figures inside Fox may not have intentionally promoted lies by conducting 'discovery' in which they went through Fox's datas and interviewed their news anchor. Through this they have found prove that Fox has been spreading misinformation despite knowing the truth. However a day before going to court, Fox News settles defamation lawsuit for $787.5 million. CNN and MSNBC has been actively reporting this news while Fo...

October/November 2 022  9607/04 Section A: Media Debates Media regulation  Evaluate some of the different ways in which the idea of freedom is used in debates about media regulation. [15]  Plan:  P1 -   Freedom of speech Case study: The permanent suspension of Donald Trump's twitter account due to the violation of Twitter's policy, "glorification of violence." P2 - Freedom of creativity  Case study: Some episodes of it's always sunny in Philadelphia (2005) include satirical scenes of blackface, brownface and yellow face. These scenes were perceived as entertainment in the past, however in 2021, after the premiere of season 15, some episodes are pulled out for being "insensitive." The show is now missing 5 episodes on streaming services (Netflix, Hulu and Disney+). Many fans were view this as an action that limits creativity and freedom of expression. P3 - Consumer freedom Case study: Since the rights of Friends (1994-2004) were purchased by YouKu, spec...

 Media ownership / regulation  Media ownership : The media industry is dominated by large multinational conglomerates. The concentration of ownership of our media sources (news, film, TV, radio, video games etc) are falling into the hands of fewer and fewer corporations. Media regulation : Media texts are regulated by organizations such as OFCOM and IPSO. Media regulation on the new media technologies is necessary to protect the public from inappropriate materials and to provide a free space of public access and various opinions. Case Study : TikTok which was released to US in 2018 are accessible all around the world except China and it is available in 40 different languages. TikTok doesn't have any specific regulation except for optional parental restrictions. Meanwhile, the Chinese version of TikTok, Douyin has tight regulations for children under 14 to protect them from inappropriate contents. The app is locked from 10pm to 6am and they only can access it 40 minutes pe...

Analyse the challenges of regulating the media in the digital age. [15] With the advancement of new media, regulating the media are getting more challenging in this digital age. An example is, how Chinese audience get away with the censorship of specific scenes in the American television sitcom, Friends (1994-2004). In 2021 HBO Max hosted a Friends Reunion which has sparked the interest of Chinese people. Due to that, YouKu (Chinese streaming service) owned by Alibaba Group purchased the rights to stream to the Chinese market. A part of the shares of Alibaba Group Holdings are owned by the Chinese government which has influence the censorship of some scenes in the series to follow the guidelines issued in 2015 to censor "vulgar, immoral and unhealthy contents" and ban "abnormal sexual relationship and behavior" However, with the help of technological convergence, audiences are able to find ways to watch the uncensored original episodes with the help of VPN, video pi...